Pregnancy Symptoms Week by Week: What to Expect When You're Expecting

Pregnancy changes everything. In less than a year, your body is working overtime to grow a whole new person, and that's no small feat. With so many shifts happening week to week, it's normal to feel a mix of excitement and worry, especially when new symptoms pop up.

This guide breaks down pregnancy one week at a time, so you'll have a clearer idea of what's going on as your baby grows, from the tiniest seed at the beginning of the first trimester to a nearly pumpkin-sized baby by the third.

What Happens to Your Body During Pregnancy?

Pregnancy is one of the most remarkable transformations a body can go through, and while pregnant women will each have a unique experience, there are a few common threads that tie these nine months together.

Some people notice early signs of pregnancy almost right away, while others don't experience pregnancy symptoms until after a missed period.

The first signs of pregnancy are brought on by hormones, in particular, progesterone, which rises quickly to help prepare the body for the important months ahead. In fact, hormonal changes in general are at the core of nearly every pregnancy symptom.

At the same time as hormones change, your blood volume increases to carry oxygen and nutrients to your growing baby, and your metabolism begins to shift. Even the immune system adjusts, softening its response so it won't reject the developing embryo.

All of these changes are your body's way of making sure your baby has the best possible environment to grow and thrive in your body.

Below, we break down the trimesters more in-depth to prepare you for each stage of your pregnancy.

First Trimester Symptoms (Weeks 1-12)

The first trimester marks the beginning of an incredible journey and the start of early pregnancy symptoms. During these first 12 weeks, your baby is developing at lightning speed, forming organs, growing tiny limbs, and laying the foundation for everything to come.

For mom, it can be both exciting and overwhelming as your body starts adjusting to the changes of early pregnancy. Here's a general guideline on what early pregnancy symptoms to expect each week.

Week 1-4: Early Pregnancy Symptoms

• Morning sickness often begins around this time, though it can vary. Nausea may be accompanied by fatigue, mood swings, or sudden food cravings and aversions.

• Implantation bleeding is light spotting, which can occur in some women as the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining.

• Hormonal changes, especially rising levels of progesterone, can trigger breast tenderness, bloating, frequent urination, and heightened emotions.

• Home pregnancy tests usually become accurate a few days after a missed period. Following the instructions carefully helps avoid false negatives.

Week 5-8: Hormonal Shifts and Morning Sickness

• Hormones surge during this window, particularly hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), which is responsible for a lot of the nausea and vomiting associated with morning sickness.

• Fatigue is common as your body diverts energy toward developing the placenta.

• Mood swings may be noticeable due to fluctuating hormone levels.

• Food aversions and cravings often intensify, which can affect diet quality, making balanced nutrition and hydration especially important.

• Early prenatal visits usually happen around this time, giving providers a chance to confirm pregnancy with blood tests or an early transvaginal ultrasound.

Week 9-12: Fatigue, Food Cravings, and Mood Changes

• Nausea and vomiting may continue, though for some women, they start to ease toward the end of the first trimester.

• Increased fatigue can still be a factor as your body works to sustain rapid fetal growth.

• Appetite changes, from strong cravings to sudden food aversions, can make meal planning tricky, but small, frequent snacks may help.

• Physical changes like a slightly fuller waistline or tender breasts may become more noticeable, though many women still aren't visibly "showing" yet.

By the end of week 12, your tiny human has developed organs, limbs, and a heartbeat, marking a major milestone that signals the transition into the second trimester.

Second Trimester Symptoms (Weeks 13-27)

The second trimester is often called the "golden period" of pregnancy, and for good reason. Spanning weeks 13 to 27, this phase usually brings a welcome boost in energy, fewer bouts of nausea, and a more noticeable baby bump.

It's a time when many expectant parents start to feel more connected to the experience, especially as those first tiny flutters of movement begin to make everything feel more real.

Your baby is continuing to grow rapidly during these weeks. Organs are maturing, facial features are becoming more defined, and by the end of the trimester, your baby can even respond to sounds and light. Meanwhile, your body is working hard to support this growth.

Here's a general guideline on what to expect during the second trimester weeks.

Week 13-16: Increased Energy and Visible Bump

• Increased energy & reduced nausea lead to many people starting to feel better during this time, which is often a welcome relief after the challenges of the first trimester.

• A growing baby bump appears as your uterus expands and may start to rise above your pelvic bone.

• Skin & hormonal changes can cause changes like darkening of the skin, and some people notice a "pregnancy glow" due to increased blood flow and oil production.

• Early baby movements may now be felt, often described as flutters or bubbles. It's more common for first-time parents to feel this a bit later, but it can start as early as week 16.

Week 17-20: Back Pain, Skin Changes, and Quickening

• Back pain and body aches as your belly grows and your center of gravity shifts.

• Skin changes, such as dark patches on your face or a dark line down your belly. These changes are caused by increased melanin production and are usually temporary.

• Quickening becomes more noticeable as your little one begins to move and grow. You may feel flutters, gentle kicks, or rolls, especially when you're resting quietly.

• Growing belly and weight gain because your uterus is now about the size of a cantaloupe and sits just below your belly button.

Week 21-24: Heartburn, Leg Cramps, and Swelling

• Heartburn and indigestion may occur as your uterus grows and presses on your stomach, and pregnancy hormones relax the valve between your stomach and esophagus. Heartburn often happens more frequently after meals.

• Leg cramps, which feel like sharp, sudden pains in your calves, often happen at night and are usually linked to changes in your body as your blood volume increases. This increase can alter the balance of minerals in your body, such as lowering potassium levels, which can contribute to these pains.

• Mild swelling in your feet, ankles, or hands, especially after standing or at the end of the day. Staying hydrated, elevating your feet, and wearing comfortable shoes can help manage it.

Week 25-27: Sleep Issues and Braxton Hicks

• Sleep disruptions make getting comfortable at night harder due to your growing belly, frequent trips to the bathroom are caused by increased fluid retention and kidney workload, or baby movements. Using a pregnancy pillow and sleeping on your left side can help improve rest.

• Braxton hicks contractions are mild, irregular contractions, often described as a tightening or hardening of the belly. These are your body's way of preparing for labour, and they're usually painless and infrequent.

• Increased fatigue occurs as your body works harder to support your baby's rapid growth. Short naps, staying hydrated, and eating balanced meals can help keep your energy up.

• Emotional highs and lows fueled by hormonal changes, physical discomfort, and anticipation of the third trimester can lead to mood swings or anxiety. It's totally normal for pregnant women to experience this, and talking to your provider or support system can make a big difference.

Third Trimester Symptoms (Weeks 28-40)

The third trimester is the final of the pregnancy trimesters, and often comes with a mix of excitement, discomfort, and anticipation.

As your baby grows rapidly and prepares for birth, you may experience more intense symptoms. Braxton Hicks contractions may become more frequent, and you might feel more physically tired as your body carries the extra weight.

Emotionally, this stage can bring both joy and anxiety as you prepare for labor, delivery, and life with a newborn.

Here's a general guideline on what to expect each week.

Week 28-32: Shortness of Breath and Frequent Urination

• Shortness of breath can occur as your uterus expands upward, pressing against your diaphragm, and making it harder to take deep breaths. This is normal and usually improves later in pregnancy when the baby "drops" lower into your pelvis.

• Frequent urination happens because the growing baby puts added pressure on your bladder, causing you to need the bathroom more often and your kidneys work harder to filter extra fluid and waste due to an increase in your blood volume.

• Your baby is growing fast, and gaining weight quickly, and because of this, movements may feel stronger and more defined.

• Fatigue increases with the added weight, physical strain, and disrupted sleep.

Week 33-36: Pelvic Pressure and Nesting Instinct

• Pelvic pressure is more noticeable as your baby moves lower into your pelvis in preparation for birth. You can feel this pressure in your lower abdomen, hips, and groin.

• Nesting instinct leads to a sudden burst of energy and a strong urge to clean, organize, and prepare the home for baby's arrival.

• Braxton hicks become more frequent although they're typically irregular and not painful.

• Changes in baby's movement include more rolls and stretches instead of sharp kicks. A noticeable decrease in general movements should always be reported to your healthcare provider.

Week 37-40: Labor Signs and Preparing for Birth

• Early signs of labour include more frequent and intense Braxton Hicks contractions, the loss of your mucus plug, or the rupture of your water (amniotic sac). Some people also experience diarrhea or a sudden burst of energy.

• Increased pelvic pressure and discomfort occurs as your baby settles lower in your pelvis, leading to heaviness, pressure, or even sharp pains known as "lightning crotch."

• Real contractions become regular, stronger, and closer together over time.

Tips for Managing Pregnancy Symptoms

Symptoms of pregnancy can be eased with simple lifestyle choices like eating a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and getting plenty of rest.

Taking regular breaks and avoiding heavy lifting help reduce back pain and fatigue, while self-care, light exercise, or therapy can support emotional well-being.

By prioritizing both physical and mental health, pregnant women can create a more comfortable and positive pregnancy experience, however, your body is still working overtime to help grow a tiny human, so be gentle with yourself, and remember that your body is made to do this!

Lifestyle Adjustments

During the nine months of growing your tiny human, you're likely going to have to make some lifestyle adjustments to help manage and ease some of the symptoms of pregnancy.

Nutrition and Hydration

Pregnant women may feel better if they prioritize balanced nutrition, eating a variety of whole foods, like fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, while limiting processed foods and excess caffeine.

Some of the early signs of pregnancy like nausea and vomiting can make that difficult, so speak to your doctor if you're having trouble eating or keeping food down.

Additionally, gentle exercise like walking, prenatal yoga, or swimming can ease discomfort, boost circulation, and prepare your body for labor.

Rest and Mental Health

It is also important to prioritize sleep, aiming for 7-9 hours of sleep, taking short naps, and using supportive pillows can help with rest.

Wearing loose, breathable clothing and supportive shoes, practicing good posture, and stretching regularly can reduce back pain.

Just as important, emotional self-care, through journaling, meditation, talking with loved ones, or seeking therapy, supports mental health and helps you feel more prepared for the changes ahead.

Preparing for Your Baby's Nutrition

Pregnancy is also a good time to explore your baby's future nutrition. Whether you plan to breastfeed, use formula, or both, researching trusted baby formula brands now can give you peace of mind once your tiny tot is Earth-side.

When to Start Thinking About Feeding Options

It's a good idea to start exploring feeding options, like breastfeeding and formula feeding, or a combination, during the second trimester, giving you plenty of time to learn, ask questions, and prepare for what feels right for you and your baby.

Breastfeeding vs Formula Feeding

Breastfeeding offers natural antibodies and bonding benefits, while formula feeding provides flexibility and allows others to help with feeding. Both are nutritious, so the best choice is what works for you and your baby.

Best Formula Options for Newborns

You may not be able to predict your childs specific feeding needs ahead of time, but you can start collecting options if you anticipate formula feeding in your future.

In Europe, formulas are categorized by stage, with specialized blends created to meet newborns' unique nutritional requirements.

Below are some of the most highly recommended choices, trusted by both parents and healthcare professionals.

• HiPP Cow Stage PRE Combiotic Formula

• Holle Cow Stage PRE Organic Infant Formula

• HiPP Goat Milk Stage PRE Infant Formula

Wrap Up: Every Pregnancy Is Unique, Embrace Your Journey

Symptoms of pregnancy can vary widely in their intensity and type, making every pregnancy journey unique. Some pregnant women feel almost no nausea for example, while others struggle with it for months.

You know your body better than anyone, so if you suspect that you are pregnancy, the most accurate way to confirm pregnancy isn't through symptoms alone, but with a pregnancy test.

Once you see that positive result, it's important for pregnant women to begin prenatal care as soon as possible.

Regular checkups will give your healthcare provider a chance to monitor your health and your baby's development, catch potential issues early, and guide you through each stage of pregnancy with confidence. They can also offer support if you end up dealing with any significant pain or discomfort due to your symptoms of pregnancy.

You're growing a whole tiny person inside you, and honestly, that's pretty incredible. So take a deep breath, soak in the moments, even the messy ones, and know you're doing an amazing job.

FAQs on Pregnancy Week by Week

Check out our FAQ if you're looking for quick answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about week by week pregnancy symptoms.

When Do Pregnancy Symptoms Start?

Pregnancy symptoms often begin around one to two weeks after conception, usually near the time of a missed period, but timing and intensity can vary.

When to Test for Pregnancy?

You can usually test for pregnancy around the time your period is due, typically about two weeks after ovulation, using a home pregnancy test for the most accurate results. If you get a negative result but still suspect pregnancy, testing again a few days later is recommended.

What Are the Top 3 Signs of Pregnancy?

The top three first-trimester pregnancy symptoms are a missed period, nausea or morning sickness, and breast tenderness or swelling.

What to Know When You First Get Pregnant?

Once you confirm your pregnancy with a test, it's important to schedule your first prenatal visit. During this visit, your provider will likely recommend starting prenatal vitamins, especially folic acid, and may also advise iron supplementation if needed.

Focusing on balanced nutrition, hydration, and gentle exercise will support your health, while avoiding harmful substances like alcohol, tobacco, and certain medications is essential. Be prepared for both physical and emotional changes as your body begins to adjust to pregnancy.